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Sumer

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Sumer - Irrigation, Writing and the Wheel!
"The earliest-known civilization was Sumer in southern Mesopotamia. Before this, the most important cities were Eridu, Bad-tibira, Larsa, Sippar, and Shuruppak. Each Mesopotamian city was built around a temple and was governed by a priest. They were independent city-states and had distinct boundaries such as canals. By 4000 BC, the Sumerians had started to build large ziggurat temples in their cities.

Known as the land of rivers, Mesopotamia did not lend itself to farming. It was only possible by way of proper irrigation and drainage. But the Tigris and Euphrates rivers were a blessing in disguise. The land near them was fertile and prone to yearly flooding, but the land further away was inhospitable and needed irrigation."

Read more at source: https://www.ancienthistorylists.com/mesopotamia-history/events-ancient-mesopotamia/

"We believe Sumerian civilization first took form in southern Mesopotamia around 4000 BCE—or 6000 years ago—which would make it the first urban civilization in the region. Mesopotamians are noted for developing one of the first written scripts around 3000 BCE: wedge-shaped marks pressed into clay tablets. This cuneiform—another way to say wedge-shaped—script was also adapted by surrounding peoples to write their own languages for roughly 2000 years, until Phoenician, which the letters you are reading now are based on, began to become the dominant script in the first millennium BCE. Cuneiform is also the script that one of the world’s first great works of literature, The Epic of Gilgamesh, was written in. Mesopotamians used writing to record sales and purchases, to write letters to one another, and to tell stories."
Source:
Ancient Mesopotamia - Sumer


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